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Liability for damage caused by business operation of an entrepreneur
Tůma, David ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Hurychová, Klára (referee)
Liability for damage caused by business operation of an entrepreneur Abstract This thesis deals with the liability for damages from operational activities according to § 2924 of Act no. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code ("CC"), with the aim of defining the prerequisites of this liability, focusing on the concept of operation. The thesis also focuses on systematic interpretation, in particular for the purpose of negative definition of operation according to § 2924 CC, analyzing the meaning and purpose of the legal regulation, as well as answering the question whether the nature of the regulation can be considered as objective or subjective, comparing the current legal regulation with the previous regulation and the PETL regulation. The work focuses particularly on the case law of the Supreme Court, from which it aims to draw general conclusions. In addition, it also peripherally evaluates the related facts of liability for damages, in particular in order to negatively define the term operation. The thesis concludes that an operation is a gainful activity which is carried out with the intention of doing so on a continuous basis and which is achieved using technologies, objects or procedures which, by their characteristic nature, are characterized by a higher risk of damage to others, generally caused by their...
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Protection of the Injured Party in Criminal Proceedings
Mandíková, Eliška ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Heranová, Simona (referee)
Protection of the Injured Party in Criminal Proceedings Abstract This thesis is focused on the injured party, the subject of criminal proceedings. The aim of the thesis is to identify the most pressing shortcomings of the current legislation through a comprehensive analysis of selected topics. The thesis is divided into eight main parts. Chapter one focuses on the very definition of the term injured party and the basic division into injured person entitled to compensation for damage, non-pecuniary damage or unjust enrichment with specific rights in adhesion proceedings and injured person without this right. This is followed by an overview of the position of the injured person in criminal proceedings with an emphasis on his or her representation and the issue of a joint agent. The central concept of the third chapter is the victim of a crime, the definition and differentiation from the concept of injured person. This part discusses selected institutes of the Act on Victims of Crime and the basic principles governing it. Chapter four deals with the development of legislation. It describes the legal regulation of the position of the injured party in historical criminal procedure codes and significant amendments to the current Criminal Procedure Code that affected the rights of the injured party. The subsequent...
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Compensation for damage caused by wild animals
Tichý, Ján ; Fabšíková, Tereza (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
Compensation for damage caused by wild animals Abstract This thesis deals with the comparison of the institutes of compensation for damages caused by wild animals within the legislation of the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. The common denominator of these institutes is the fact that the object that caused the damage (i.e. the wild animal) has no legal owner, it is res nullius. Therefore, the legislators in the compared legal systems created these institutes in order to avoid the 'unregulated' hunting of the animals in question. The thesis consists of four main parts, in the first part I discuss the theoretical background, definitions used in different legal systems and their equivalents. In turn, I define terms such as animal, animal, game, wild animal, specially protected animal, designated animal, and so on, depending on which term is used by which legislator. The first part is thus the theoretical basis for the following parts of the thesis The second and third parts are largely similar, as I have kept their system of treatment as similar as possible. The second part contains a detailed analysis of the Act on the Provision of Compensation for Damages and the Hunting Act (to the extent that it regulates compensation for damage caused by game). In this part, I analyse the legal regulation of these...
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Civil liability of expert witnesses
Lukášová, Karolína ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Civil liability of expert witnesses Abstract This diploma thesis aims to point out the risks related to expert assessments as well as describe the kinds of harm that the violation of expert's duties can cause. Furthermore, the thesis also presents the options for seeking redress in such cases. The new legislation which came into force in the beginning of 2021 brought many important changes. The main objective of the new act in the expert witness area is to set precise and detailed rules for the expert assessments and to raise the standard of expert reports. One of the instruments used to achieve this objective is the strengthening of the liability of experts, including the implementation of the civil liability of experts for damage caused by the professional services offered. Even though the concept of liability of expert witnesses for damage is not completely unknown in the Czech Republic, legal literature has neglected this topic so far. In contrast, articles related to the public liability of experts can be found regularly. Due to the different purpose of criminal and administrative proceedings, an individual has no guaranteed subjective right to claim for redress and compensation in these proceedings. That is why such rights must exist within private law. The diploma thesis presents a detailed analysis...
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Comparison of the legislation of liability for damage in the Czech and Austrian civil law
Lorenc, Jan ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
The topic of this Master's degree thesis is "Comparison of the legislation of the damage liability in the Czech and Austrian civil law". The purpose of the thesis is to give the general summary of the topic and to point out the main differences and similarities in the area of damage liability in the Czech and Austrian civil law. The core of the thesis consists in the comparison of the tort liability, i.e. damage liability arising from the illegal act (tort law) and the strict liability. The thesis should also verify, if the legislation of the damage liability in the traditional Austrian Code - Civil Code of Austria - is similar to the legislation in the Civil Code of the Czech Republic and if the Civil Code of Austria was an inspiration for the new Czech Civil Code. The thesis is composed of six chapters, the core could be found in the chapter two, four and five. Chapter One is a historical introduction and it describes the evolution of the civil law in the Austrian and Czech area. Chapter two is focused on the basic terminology and the key terms such as "damage liability" and "damages" and the constitution conditions of the damage liability as well as damages. The chapter gives a description of the main differences and similarities in the terminology in the both Codes. Chapter three examines the...
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Compensation for injury and death in German law
Vysloužilová, Markéta ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit ist eine kurze Einführung in die Problematik der Ersatzansprüche für den Personenschaden im Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Es handelt sich dabei um eine zusammenfassende Studie, deren Ziel es vor allem ist, die wichtigsten themabezogenen Grundbegriffe und Merkmale auf Tschechisch zu erläutern. Dabei enthält die Arbeit auch einige subtile Anstöße zum interdisziplinären, kulturhistorischen Betrachten des Personenschadens. Der eigentliche Text ist in drei Einheiten geteilt. Der Einführung folgt die etwas deskriptive Auslegung zum Ersatz vom materiellen Schaden, den Kern dieser Arbeit stellt das Schmerzensgeld als Ersatz für den immateriellen Schaden dar. Die spärliche legislative Regelung, die überwiegend im BGB enthalten ist, wird wesentlich durch die Rechtsprechung ergänzt. Der Personenschadenersatz wird im deutschen Recht relativ restriktiv erfasst und die Entschädigungssummen bleiben verhältnismäßig gering. Theoretisch wird der materielle Schaden in Erwerbsschaden, Haushaltsführungsschaden, Heilbehandlungskosten, vermehrte Bedürfnisse, entgangenen Unterhalt, entgangene Dienste und Beerdigungskosten aufgeteilt. Detaillierte Falluntersuchung und strenge Bemessung der materiellen Ersatzansprüche sind aus der angeführten Rechtsprechung ersichtlich. Für den...
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The institution of pre-contract liability in theory and practice
Kraus, Radek ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
Diese Arbeit behandelt das Thema "Rechtsinstitut der vorvertraglichen Haftung in Theorie und Praxis". Die ganze Arbeit ist in drei Teile gegliedert und zwar "Der Begriff der Vorvertraglichen Haftung", "Die Komparative Analyse der ausländischen Rechtsordnungen" und "Das tschechische Konzept der vorvertraglichen Haftung". Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist, die praktischen Aspekte der vorvertraglichen Haftung zu beschreiben, was aber ohne ausreichende theoretische Grundlagen unmöglich ist. Die Doktrin culpa in contrahendo (Verschulden beim Vertragsabschluss) wird Rudolph von Jhering zugeschrieben, denn er hat im Jahre 1861 als erstes die charakteristischen Züge der vorvertraglichen Obligationen beschrieben. Der Autor ordnet in dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit noch die vorvertragliche Haftung in das Rechtssystem ein. Die zum Teil von dem Autor entworfene Definition dient dann in dem zweiten und dritten Teil zu dem einfacheren Vergleich der Konzepte von vorvertraglicher Haftung in verschiedenen Rechtsordnungen. In dem zweiten Teil wird zuerst das deutsche Konzept der culpa in contrahendo beschrieben, wie es sich von R. von Jhering über die Schuldrechtsmodernisierung bis zum heutigen Tag entwickelt hat. Die Entwicklung der deutschen Auffassung der vorvertraglichen Haftung von der materiellen zur formalen...
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Liability for damage under Insolvency Act
Kovacs, Stanislav ; Pohl, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macková, Alena (referee)
The aim of the thesis is, based on analysis of the institute of liability for damages in the Insolvency Act and related legislation, to characterize the institute of liability for damage in insolvency law and to define its position within the system of sanctions, to identify links to private and public (including criminal) legal norms, to present concrete examples from existing case law to address some unclear areas of existing arrangements and to identify and to describe changes resulting from the new regulation of the institute of liability for damages in the new Civil Code. The thesis is divided into two parts, the general (conceptual) and specific (critical). The general part is divided into four chapters. Chapter one summarizes the theoretical background of the institute of liability for damages. Chapter two provides an overview of the general private law liability for damages and fundamental differences on liability for damages in the old and the new Civil Code. The third chapter is devoted to a specific rules on liability for damages in the Insolvency Act. Chapter four discusses the different possibilities of a claim for damages or other harm. The special part is devoted to analysis of the facts of liability for damage governed by the Insolvency Act. Individual facts of case are systematically broken...
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Damages in investment disputes
Jurák, Michal ; Balaš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Resumé: This thesis titled "Damages in Investment Disputes" deals with analysis of various types of damages in investment arbitrations. To approximate this theme author tries to use the case study methot for various terms of international investment law. The aim of this thesis was to try to summarize theoretical definition of damages, using its various types and reasons of their origin. Described is contractual basis, from which damages arise in causal nexus, but also particular instrumets of investment arbitration and its jurisdictional practice. Thesis is divided (without counting the introduction and conclusion) into three chapters, which are further divided into sub-chapters, possibly into additional parts. First chapter is an excursion into common theory of international investment law with focus on damages. It encloses though theoretical basis, but also individual contractual recourse. The theory basics is suplemented with evaluation of basic terms, like investment and damages in international investment arbitration. Its component is also definition of investment from jurisdictional practice (Salini test). Second chapter is focused on definition of damages and its various types. Starting point to this is also definition of mostly used methods to determine amount of damages. As basics is used fair and...
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Private enforcement of competition law
Bocková, Claudia ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the state of private enforcement of competition law in the European Union and the Czech Republic by taking into consideration the proposals set forth in the Green and White Paper on damages actions for breach of EC antitrust rules issued by the European Commission which were inspired by the U.S. system of private enforcement of antitrust law. Further on, the possible impact of the implementation of such proposals into Czech law will be assessed and experience of Member states will be considered. The dynamic development of this area of law and the never ending political and legal debate on the possibilities of private enforcement in Europe was the reason for why I have chosen to write my thesis on this topic. The thesis is composed of eight chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of private enforcement of competition law. Chapter One is introductory and is divided into three parts. Part one tackles the difference between public and private enforcement. Part two deals with the evolution of the concept of damages claims and introduces the most relevant decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The third part identifies the problems occurring with damages claims. Chapter Two examines the question of applicable law. Chapter Three...
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